North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition provides a standardized definition with a management pathway, timely identification, combined with stimulant laxative use along with common treatment strategies for better quality of life.

This guideline emphasizes on the need for diagnostic education, dietary treatment, hypnotherapy, use of specific probiotic/synbiotics, careful use of analgesics, and supports use of loperamide and bile acid sequestrants for abdominal pain related IBS.

A UK Biobank study has challenged the obesity paradox in CVD, showing that higher body fat percentage and central obesity progressively increased CVD mortality. While overweight and class-I obesity by BMI appeared protective, genetic analysis showed no causal link between high BMI or body fat and reduced mortality. Findings suggest that the observed BMI paradox may reflect confounding rather than true protection.

Low maternal vitamin D may significantly impair children’s neurocognitive outcomes by age 4 in children, suggests new evidence. Inadequate 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels throughout pregnancy were linked with poor visual-motor precision, while third-trimester deficiency was tied to weaker executive functioning, working memory, inhibition, and metacognitive skills, highlighting the need for adequate vit D during pregnancy.

Even moderate chronic kidney disease may independently heighten the risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), found a recent study. Individuals with eGFR 30 to <60 mL/min/1.73 m² had a 32% to 54% higher risk of SCA risk. Each 10 mL/min reduction in eGFR below 90 further amplified the risk by 24%, emphasizing that even moderate kidney dysfunction should be included in SCA risk assessment.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified hepatitis D as carcinogenic, with liver cancer risk rising 2- to 6-fold in HBV co-infection. WHO noted progress in national plans and vaccinations, but testing and treatment remain critically low—only 13% diagnosed for HBV & 36% for HCV. WHO calls for urgent upscaling of screening and treatment to eliminate viral hepatitis and lower liver cancer deaths.